According to the definitions of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), certification refers to the certification by a nationally recognized certification body that an organization’s products, services, and management systems conform to relevant standards, technical specifications (TS) or mandatory Conformity assessment activities for sexual requirements. Therefore, the certifications involved in enterprises are mainly management certification (such as ISO certification) and product certification (such as 3C certification, UL certification, etc.). Management certification includes three parts: quality (ISO 9000), environment (ISO 14000), and occupational health and safety (OHSAS 18000 or GB/T 28000). As for product certification, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines “a third party to verify whether the company’s products, processes or services meet specific requirements through inspection and evaluation of the company’s quality management system and sample type tests, and whether it has continuous and stable production compliance. The ability of the product required by the standard and the procedure for giving written certification.” Most countries and regions in the world have established their own product certification agencies, using different certification marks to indicate the degree of compliance of certified products to relevant standards, such as UL Underwriters Laboratories safety testing and certification, CE EU safety certification, VDE German Electrical Engineers Association certification, China CCC compulsory product certification, etc., as shown in Figure 1-2-22.
(x) Listing: (b) Classification UL mark; (c) Accreditation: (d) CE certification; (e) DVE certification; () CCC certification
If a company’s product has passed the product certification of a well-known national certification body, it can obtain a “certification certificate” issued by a national certification body and allow certification marks to be affixed to the certified products. This internationally recognized and effective certification method can enable companies or organizations to establish a good reputation and brand image through product certification, and at the same time allow customers and consumers to identify the quality and safety of products through certification marks. no. At present, governments around the world have established this product certification system through legislation to ensure the quality and safety of products and protect the vital interests of consumers. This has become a new international trade barrier.
The certification of photovoltaic products is the certification of nationally recognized certification bodies, such as TiV (Technical Inspection Association), IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), and China Quality Certification Center (CQC) on whether the products of photovoltaic enterprises meet their relevant standards. The certification of photovoltaic products can be divided into two categories: safety certification and performance certification. UL 1703 is the first safety standard for flat-panel solar panels, and it has been adopted as the American national standard, and has become the basis for the current American solar panel safety certification.
It is worth noting that the standard issuer does not personally test and evaluate the product, but conducts certification through certification bodies and authorized laboratories. For example, if a laboratory has obtained the certification qualifications required by IEC 61730-2–2004 solar panel safety appraisal-testing requirements, then it has the right to carry out safety appraisal of the component products submitted for inspection by a certain company according to this standard. Once the product has passed the appraisal, the laboratory can issue a certificate to the product. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the relationship between each certified brand and its certification body.
Another issue worth noting is that a certification standard of a certain certification body may also be recognized by other certification bodies. As long as the testing laboratory is authorized, then the company that has passed the standard can be tested in this laboratory. Has been awarded multiple certification marks. For example, TuV SÜD has established a mutual recognition relationship with China’s national testing agency CQC and Japan’s JET. Photovoltaic products have passed the TuV SÜD certification and can easily obtain CQC and JET certification permits, thus making it easier to enter the world. More markets.
On the label of photovoltaic products, the most common and well-known logos are TuV and IEC. The IEC certification can almost be recognized globally, and TuV is the key to entering the German and European markets. Different markets have different requirements for certification. for example, you need to obtain UL certification to enter the US market, and you need to obtain CSA certification to enter the Canadian market. If you want to participate in China’s Golden Sun project, you must obtain UL certification. CQC certification. Nevertheless, companies need to choose which certification to apply for according to their own sales strategy and project day requirements.