Welding equipment (electric soldering iron) constant temperature welding table is shown in Figure 1.
Ⅰ. Welding tools
(1) Clean the sponge. Soak the cleaning sponge with water before using the soldering station, and then squeeze out the excess water. If you use a dry cleaning sponge, the tip of the soldering iron will be damaged and the tin will not be applied.
(2) Cleaning the soldering iron tip. Before soldering, use a cleaning sponge to remove impurities on the soldering iron tip to ensure that the solder joints do not appear to be soldered or desoldered, reduce the oxidation speed of the soldering iron tip, and extend the service life of the soldering iron tip.
(3) Protection of the soldering iron tip. First adjust the temperature of the soldering station to 250℃, then clean the soldering iron tip, and then cover a layer of new solder as a protective layer to isolate the soldering iron tip from the air and avoid oxidation of the soldering iron tip.
(4) Treatment method of oxidized soldering iron tip. When the soldering iron tip has been oxidized, first adjust the temperature of the soldering station to 250°C, clean the soldering iron tip with a cleaning sponge, and check the condition of the soldering iron tip. If the tin-plated layer of the soldering iron tip contains black oxide, a new tin layer can be plated, and then wipe the soldering iron tip with a cleaning sponge. Repeat the cleaning process until the oxide is completely removed, and then plate a new tin layer. If the soldering iron tip is deformed or perforated, it must be replaced with a new one. Note: Do not use a file to remove the oxide on the tip of the soldering iron.
Use No. 80 polyurethane abrasive foam or No. 100 emery paper to remove dirt and oxides on the tin-plated surface of the soldering iron tip. After cleaning, turn on the power of the soldering station and apply the rosin-containing solder wire to the surface of the tin-plated layer of the soldering iron tip while heating until the solder is fully plated on the tin-plated surface.
Ⅱ. Maintenance of the soldering iron
(1) The use and maintenance of the soldering iron tip.
①Under the premise of ensuring the welding quality, try to choose a lower welding temperature.
② The tip of the soldering iron should be cleaned regularly with a cleaning sponge.
③ When the soldering iron is not used, wipe the tip of the soldering iron clean and plate with new solder to prevent oxidation of the soldering iron tip.
④ When not using the soldering iron, do not leave the soldering iron at a high temperature for a long time.
(2) Common faults and solutions.
①The thermostat does not work: Whether the fuse is blown; whether the electric soldering iron is short-circuited; whether the lead wire of the heating element is twisted or short-circuited, etc.
②The soldering iron tip does not heat up or heats up intermittently: whether the wire is damaged; whether the plug is loose; whether the heating element is damaged, etc.
③The soldering iron tip is not stained with solder: Whether the temperature of the soldering iron tip is too high; whether the soldering iron tip is cleaned, etc.
④The temperature of the soldering iron tip is too low: whether the soldering iron tip is cleaned; whether the temperature of the soldering iron is calibrated, etc.
⑤The temperature display flashes: Whether the lead wire of the soldering iron is damaged; whether the soldering point is too large.
Ⅲ. Detection of the temperature of the soldering iron
The temperature fluctuation of the electric soldering iron will affect the soldering quality of the solar cell. Here, an electric soldering iron temperature tester is used to monitor the temperature of the soldering iron tip of the electric soldering iron to ensure that its temperature is within the normal operating temperature range, as shown in Figure 2.
①Structure and heating principle of electric soldering iron
Electric soldering iron is the main tool for manual welding. According to the different heating methods, it can be divided into direct heating type, constant temperature type, induction type and so on.
Direct heating electric soldering irons can be divided into external heating and internal heating electric soldering irons. The internally heated electric soldering iron is usually composed of a soldering iron tip, a soldering iron core, a spring clip, a connecting rod and a handle, as shown in Figure 3. The soldering iron core of the internally heated electric soldering iron is installed in the soldering iron head, and its thermal conductivity is higher than that of the externally heated electric soldering iron. It is the most commonly used welding tool for manual soldering.
The temperature of the soldering iron tip of the thermostatic electric soldering iron can always be controlled at a certain set temperature. A thermostatic electric soldering iron is usually composed of a soldering iron tip, a heater, a temperature control element, a permanent magnet, a heater control switch and a handle. When the thermostat electric soldering iron is switched on, the heater works, so that the temperature of the soldering iron tip continues to rise. When the set temperature is reached, the temperature of the magnet exceeds the Curie point and the magnetism disappears, so that the magnetic core contacts are disconnected, and then heating The heater stops heating the soldering iron tip; when the temperature of the soldering iron tip drops to the Curie point, the magnet resumes its magnetism, the magnetic core contacts are connected, and the heater heats the soldering iron tip. The on-off of the magnetic core contact realizes the constant temperature of the soldering iron tip.
②The selection of electric soldering iron
According to the different welding surfaces, different shapes of soldering iron tips should be selected, such as cone-shaped, round-shaped, round-pointed cone, etc., as shown in Figure 4. In addition, according to the characteristics of the solder, mainly the melting point of the solder, an electric soldering iron power that can provide a suitable soldering temperature should be selected, as shown in Table 1.
| The temperature of the soldering iron tip/℃ (room temperature, 200V) | Use electric soldering iron |
| 300~400 | 20W internal heating type, constant temperature type; 30W external heating type, constant temperature type |
| 350~450 | 30~50W internal heating type, constant temperature type; 50~70W external heating type |
| 400~550 | 100W internal heating type; 150~200W external heating type |
| 500~630 | 300W external heating |